A bunion is a common foot deformity which is caused by an enlargement of the joint connecting the metatarsal of the foot to the first phalanges of the big toe. At the first interphalangeal joint, the displacement of the bone causes the toe to bend towards the other toes. As the problem deteriorates it can cause a significant deformity of the foot. There is also commonly swelling of the side of the producing a large bony lump.
The lump will increase in size over time, and can cause arthritis or stiffness of the joint. As the condition deteriorates the posture of the body becomes distorted, and walking can become difficult. Inflammation and swelling of the bursa, a watery sac in the joint, leads to a painful condition called bursitis. Bunions are caused by the joint 
of the big toe being placing under unnatural stresses, usually from long term use of tight shoes. Women who wear high heeled dress shoes frequently have an increased risk of developing bunions in later life. There is a hereditary link, by which some people are predisposed to this kind of condition. Many people who work on their feet and spend long times walking are prone to develop bunions.
Untreated bunions can lead to other conditions such as hammertoes, as the big toe pushes against the lesser toes. Corns and calluses often form on the feet at pressure points as a result of shifted weight distribution.
Treatment for bunions is often non-invasive, if the condition has not had time to progress. Changing shoes to those with wide flexible uppers and support for the foot helps to ease the problem.
A physician will be able to help with reducing the swelling and any inflammation. If the bunions are severe, they will prescribe medication, however over the counter pain relief is often sufficient.
Treatment for bunions to realign the bones in the foot is particularly effective at night. Night splints straighten the bones in your sleep, when there is no pressure on the foot.
Bunion shields can be worn to protect the bunion during the day, and prevent accidental damage, and are effective in combination with bunion pads.
Lightly exercising the area is also recommended to keep the movement of the joints and muscles to a maximum and to facilitate healing. A physician will be able to advise you of specific exercises to help.
In most cases surgery is not necessary to alleviate symptoms and have healthy feet again. In acute cases however, surgical realignment of the bones is necessary. Surgery is not always 100% effective, so is considered only for severe cases, and when other options have been proved to be unsuccessful.